Book 3 questions.

1. Why are the political prisoners more terrified than the common criminals?
The common criminals are used to being in there, while the political criminals know about room 101, making them very scared.

2. Why was Ampleforth in prison?
Because he couldn't add any other rhyme to his poem except for "God." Using or saying the word God in anything is a crime.

3. What role does Winston think O’Brien has been playing?
An undercover role to get Winston out of there.

4. According to O’Brien, why is Winston being tortured?
So that he will confess his sins against the party.

5. According to O’Brien, why does the Party want power?
So that they can take over the world.

6. Where does O’Brien think reality exists?
In Big Brother.

7. What does Winston see when he looks in the mirror?
He sees a supposed "skeleton." This is because Winston hasn't had anything to eat in a while.

8. At the end of Chapter III, what has Winston NOT done that O’Brien wants him to do?
He hasn't confessed his wrongs and didn't betray Julia.

9. What is in Room 101?
A torture room for those who commit thought crimes.

10. When and in what way does Winston betray Julia? Why is it significant?

When O'Brien brought out the rats inside of the cage, Winston was super scared, so he told O'Brien to do it to Julia. This is significant because he told Julia that he would never betray her even in an instance like this.

11. Why does O’Brien say prisoners are brought to the Ministry of Love?
So that they could be filled with Big Brother and cured for their insane acts.

12. Was the Party successful in “getting inside” Winston?
I would say so, yes. In Room 101, his thoughts and emotions were completely gone. His personality vanished, and he became just like everyone else. A brainwashed worker forced to do what is "right."

13. How do Winston and Julia now feel about one another?
They neither hate nor like each other. Although still knowing each other, they would rather not see one another.

14. How does Winston ultimately feel about Big Brother?
He has a huge love for Big Brother, same as all of the other brainwashed idiots.

15. What “victory over himself” has Winston won?  Do you think it’s a real victory?


16. What do you think the major theme of 1984 is?  Why?

Chapter's 8–10 in Book Two.

Chapter 8

1. Contrast the living quarters and style of the Inner Party members with those of the Outer Party members and proles. 

The Inner Party members live in very luxurious rooms and houses, while the Outer Party members live in apartments by their selves with tele-screens in every apartment. Proles on the other hand, don't even have a house most of the time. They either live in garbage, or in condo's with hundreds of other proles living with or near them.

2. How does O’Brien test Julia and Winston? 

He tells them to not see each other for about a week, and see if they remain loyal.

3. What information does O’Brien give them about the Brotherhood? 

That there is no brotherhood. Each member is anonymous, and if you're caught, you say nothing about the Brotherhood.

4. How will O’Brien get The Book to Winston? 

Through a suitcase dropped off from a messenger.

Chapter 9

1. Why does Orwell include detailed passages from Goldstein’s Book in 1984? 

To show that Winston is learning about the truth from the book.

2. What three classes of people have always existed?

The upper class, the middle class, and the lower class.

3. In What ways have these three classes changed? 

The upper class usually loses their position from the middle class, the middle class becomes the upper class. The lower class rises to the middle class, and there is always one part of the lower class that branches off and stays the lower class.

4. What is the purpose of war in the world of 1984? 

To keep the citizens at bay by rationing food, keeping them scared, and by evening out the numbers with bombs.

5. What are the two aims of the Party? 

Global domination, and complete annihilation of the world.

6. What are the two problems with which the Party is concerned? 

People rebelling against them, and people trying to figure out the past.

7. Why do all three superpowers forbid their citizens from associating with foreigners? 

So that they foreigners don't tell people in the other superpowers of what is really happening.

8. The governments of the three superpowers are alike in essence even though their forms of government have different names. Identify these similarities and explain why they exist? 

They all make sure that the citizens stay in line, and don't rebel against them. They exist because the superpowers are in it for the power.

9.. What is the real "war" fought in each of the three governments? Your answer will explain the party slogan, "War is Peace." 

The real war is how the three governments are keeping the citizens from doing anything against them by having an on-going "war" with the other superpowers. With that being said, the real war being fought is between the governments and the people.

10. What are the aims of the three groups? 

Inner Party has to control the other classes. Outer Party works in the factories and offices. Proles aren't allowed to do anything other than "sit and rot."

11. What changes in the pattern occurred in the nineteenth century? 

The internet was created, helping to revolutionize the industry.

12. How did socialism change in the twentieth century? 

It changed into a world of tyrannies' inside of the government.

13. Why are the rulers in the twentieth century better at maintaining power than earlier tyrants? 

Because the rulers have camera's and tele-screens to observe their citizens.

14. What are the four ways an elite group falls from power? 

1. Conquered.

2. Revolted against.

3. Middle class takes over.

4. Loses willingness to govern.

15. How does the Inner Party make certain it will not fall from power? 

By making sure that no one in the Inner Party slips out of the "correct" frame of mind. 

16. How is a person’s class determined in the 1984 world? 

By how well they do in their day to day life.

17. What is doublethink and what is its purpose to the ruling class? 

Doublethink is where someone simultaneously thinks two things at once. It's purpose is to make sure that everyone is "smart", and not stupid.

18. Why is the mutability of the past important to the ruling class?

If the past is how they want it, then the lower classes have no choice but to believe that the past is true.

Chapter 10

1. What understanding does Winston gain about the common people?

That they are more free than he thinks.

2. What is the significance of the glass paperweight here?

It represents a sort of freedom. The freedom vanishes as soon as it is destroyed by Charrington.

Chapters 5 - 6 in Book Two

1)  Who has vanished?

Syme, I think.

2)  Describe the preparations for Hate Week?  In what ways does the Inner Party excel in building spirit?


Work, work, work. Get exhausted. Builds spirit by letting the people have a break after Hate week. (This is to exhaust the people so that they don't revolt.)
3) Julia and Winston have some differences?  Explain them.


Julia is a huge hater of the party, and has committed many crimes against the party in her past. Winston on the other hand has just recently wanted to rebel against the party and has committed very little crimes in his past.
4) What finally convinces Winston that O'Brien is a member of the Brotherhood?

The book that he gives Winston. It is Emmanuel Goldstein's book.

5) Outline a comparison between 1984 and another dystopia novel that you have read by either themes, characters, slogans or symbols.  Next Monday, you will have an in-class essay assignment on this comparison.  It'll be worth 50 points.

Already completed essay on this topic. I outlined Characters' Winston Smith, and Guy Montag from 1984 and Fahrenheit 451.

Chapter 4 in Book 2

How does Winston react to the singing Prole woman?

He sees how free she actually is compared to him.

What pleasures of the senses are mentioned in this chapter? What is Orwell’s point in mentioning them?


Free think. One is not simply allowed to think freely in this book.
What is Winston’s reaction to rats? Julia’s reaction?


He is very sketched bout them, Julia doesn't mind them though.
Winston is interested in the church bells that once played in the city even though he is not religious. What do church bells mean to him?


***
Winston sees the coral paperweight as a symbol of what? 

As a symbol of freedom.

1)  Who has vanished?
Syme has vanished.

2)  Describe the preparations for Hate Week?  In what ways does the Inner Party excel in building spirit?



3) Julia and Winston have some differences?  Explain them.

Julia is a little more secretive. She is also 

4) What finally convinces Winston that O'Brien is a member of the Brotherhood?


5) Begin to outline a comparison between 1984 and another dystopia novel that you have read by either 
themes, characters, slogans or symbols.

Chapters 1, 2, and 3 in Book Two

Chapter 1
1. How does Winston react to the note from Julia before he reads it?

He feels like it is something bad, like something from the thought police. He wants to burn it.

2. How does Winston react to the note after he reads it?

He stays calm because he knows that if he reacts in any way it would be suspicious.

3. Where do they manage to talk for the first time?

In a huge city block covered with people.

4. Where do they plan to meet?

In a very secluded spot in the woods with no camera's nearby.

5. What do Winston and Julia do before they part?

They talk about plans with meeting.


Chapter 2
1. Why is Winston ill at ease once he is alone with Julia?

He knows that he will be safe around he since he can trust her.

2. What does Julia bring with her that she has obtained on the black market?

She brought that gucci chocolate man! None of that raw stuff.

3. What are Julia’s ideas about the Party?

She hates it. Down with the Party!

4. What familiar sign does Winston find?

A notebook?

5. What is the significance of the thrush music?

I don't remember.

6. What does Winston mean when he says that he loves Julia all the more because she has had scores of sexual encounters?

The more crimes against the party, the better.

Chapter 3
How and where do Julia and Winston meet?

In a hard to get to place above Mr. Charrington's shop.

What is Julia’s job?

She works for the Ministry of Truth as a _______.

What is her background?

She was young, and she never really had any family.

What is her attitude toward the Party?

She absolutely hates it, but works like a "normal" person to not get caught.

Describe the quote “ With Julia, everything came back to her own sexuality. As soon as this was touched upon in any way she was capable of great acuteness”. What does Winston think about Julia?



Why does the Party think the sexual impulse as well as the familial love dangerous?

Chapter 8 in Book One

1. Why does Winston go off on his own? What activities is he missing out on?

2. What is life like in the proles’ end of London?

They seem to be more free than the Outer Party, and probably even more than the Inner Party

3. What does Winston think about after his conversation with the old man in the pub?

The old man is unintelligible, and he feels like his hope to find out what the past was like is almost impossible.

4. What does Winston discover at Mr. Charrington’s shop?

A coral thing.

5. What is Mr. Charrington like?

Kind of shady, but otherwise seems like an intellectual and nice guy.

6. What does Winston think when he sees the dark-haired girl outside Mr. Charrington’s shop?

He wonders what she is doing there.

7. How does one’s own body betray a person?

The body does things even though the mind doesn't want to do that.

8. Why does Winston wonder about church bells ringing in London?

He feels like that is a sign of War, which in turn in Freedom.

Chapter 5-7 in Book One

1. What is the problem with obtaining razor blades?

It shows free will. And this is looked down upon ver seriously.

2. What is revealed about Inner Party philosophy in the discussion between Winston and Syme?

They publish fake news and history.

3. Why does Winston feel that Syme will be vaporized?

I don't know

4. Parsons brags about his children for doing what?

````````````~~~~~~````````````

5. What is the significance of the telescreen announcement?

It is used for both propaganda and for the Party to spy on people.

6. What are Winston’s feelings about the present time after he hears the cheerful announcement on the 
telescreen?

He feels that the entire world is just continuously being controlled by the Party. (which it is.)

7. Winston predicts that certain people will be vaporized and that certain people will never be vaporized. Who? Why?

Proles are people who can definitely be vaporized, and higher class people can probably never be vaporized.

8. What is the purpose of marriage in the state?

To get together and make babies without the intent of actual feelings for one another.

9. What do Winston’s memories about visiting a prostitute reveal about his attitudes towards sex in Oceania?

Sex is not a pleasureful thing, and it has been made out to be like that. Sex is just to distract people from their life.

10. How does Winston view the proles?

He views them as free. At least more free than he is.

11. How are the proles controlled (prole control)?

The Party makes them view propaganda, the Party also is able to do whatever they want with Proles.

12. What lies/half-truths does the Party teach about history?

The wars were peaceful wars and they allowed the Party to grow.

13. Winston suspects that the Party lies about progress made since the war. What Party claims does he doubt?

14. What is the story of Aaronson, Jones and Rutherford?

15. Why is this story so meaningful for Winston?

16. What is Winston’s unanswered question?

Chapters 3-4 in Book One

1. What is Winston’s dream about his mother? How does he feel about himself in that dream?

He remembers who she was. He feels regret.

2. What is his dream about the "Golden Country"?

I do not remember.

3. What does he remember about the big events of the past? Bombs? Past Wars?

Nothing. He doesn't remember any of the wars. The history books are all false.

4. Explain the Party slogan, "Who controls the past controls the future; who controls the present controls the past."

What happened in the past is controlled by the Party, and the future is shaped by what happened in the past.

5. What does he know about the legends concerning Big Brother?

Big Brother is not a person. He is also very anonymous.

6. Describe Winston’s job.

He works as a clerk in the Records Department of the Ministry of Truth.

7. How is the past controlled?

By the party, and the history books.

8. What special literature, music, and entertainment is produced for the proletariat (proles)?

Old and crappy ones. False ones also. Many of them are propaganda.

9. How does Winston feel about his work? What sort of "creativity" is involved?

He hates his job, but knows he cannot quit or else he would be arrested for thought. No creativity at all is involved.

10. What is the significance of Comrade Ogilvy?
I don't know.

Chapters 1-2 in Book One

1. What bothers Winston?

The voice talking and the screen that says BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU. 

2. What is wrong with his society?

They are trapped within a reality in which they get entirely controlled by a certain organization. The only noticeable thing in this society are the signs that say BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU.

3. What are the three slogans of the Inner Party?

 - WAR IS PEACE

 - FREEDOM IS SLAVERY

 - IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH

4. What are the four ministries?

Ministry of Truth, Ministry of Peace, Ministry of Love, and Ministry of Plenty.

Truth - concerned itself with news, entertainment, education, and fine arts.

Peace - concerned itself with war.

Love - maintained law and order.

Plenty - responsible for economic affairs.

5. What items are written in italics?

Victory Gin and Victory Cigarettes.

6. How does the Two Minute Hate work?

A horrible sound starts, and the big screen in front of everyone started to show images that people dislike. Causing hate.

7. What happens to Winston during the chant?
He wants to kill the woman because he can't have her.

8. What happens between O’Brien and Winston?

9. During the film (p. 11), how did the audience react?
They were all very very very very very angry.

10. What is "thoughtcrime"?
Thinking on your own, without the thought of work.

11. What are the Thought Police?
A secretive force that takes anyone who thinks away to be tortured, and eventually killed.

12. Who are the Parsons and what do they represent?

13. How do the Parsons’ children behave?

14. What is Winston's dream about O’Brien?

15. What is announced on the news? 

The Do's and the Don'ts

Logos - Appeal of Logic  (is your argument logical) ~ The source's credibility
Ethos - Appeal of Self (does your audience) ~ Logic used to support a claim.
Pathos - Appeal of Emotion ~ Emotional or motivational appeals.

1. SELF INTEREST -Things that make a good persuasive argument.

2. EXPERT TESTIMONY - Interviews, quotes, documentation with experts that backs up your opinion.

3. QUALITY OF REASONING -  Can you offer facts, statistics or supporting details.

4. FLAWS IN OPPOSING ARGUMENTS - Point out the flaws in your opposition.

5. WHAT ABOUT YOUR AUDIENCE - Appeal to your audiences self-interest.

6. MAKE IT NEW - Choose a topic or thesis that is out of the original debates.

--Know both sides. be able to debate both sides.

THE DON'TS

Things to avoid:
1. Irrational Evidence
2. Mud slinging
3. Emotional Persuasions
4. Transfer of Emotions.
5. Use of quotations from MEN and WOMEN who are not EXPERTS in the field of your argument.
6. Oversimplification

Hamlet Act 5 study questions

HAMLET ACT 5: Questions

1) What do you feel is the point of the gravedigger’s riddles and song? How does it fit into the play?
His riddles and songs represent things that are wrong, and obviously dumb that are going on in Denmark.

2) In what ways do Hamlet’s reactions to the skulls in the graveyard seem to suggest a change in his outlook? 
He sees death more closely, and actually accepts it, although, he does see that once you're dead, all you are is just a skull. If you were a noble who was well connected and well known, you will just be the same as any peasant at this time.

Compare Hamlet’s attitude towards Yoric to Hamlet’s attitude to Ophelia or even his father? How is it different? How is it similar?
Hamlet sees Yorik as just a skull, while he sees Ophelia or his father as symbols that represent something huge.

3) How old is Hamlet? How do you know this?
Hamlet is roughly 30 years old. The gravedigger said he became the gravedigger at this exact time that Hamlet was born.

4) What does the violent argument between Hamlet and Laertes add to the play?
It adds more of a reason to show how they loved Ophelia in different ways, and why they are so mad at each other.

5) What developments in Hamlet’s character are presented through the story of what happened on the boat? (V.ii 1-62). How has Hamlet changed?
He seems to be more accepting of the inevitable future. Before the pirates, or even the R&G boat, he was consumed with the vengeance of his father, but after the pirates, he knew what was going to happen, so he stepped his game up and took action.

6) How do Hamlet’s motives in killing Claudius seem to have shifted according to his speech beginning “Does it not, think thee…” (V.ii.63)
Hamlet is pissed that Claudius slithered his way onto the throne. Hamlet states that he was wanting to become king shown by statements about his hopes, and the rigged election.

7) What concerns of the play are reinforced in the Osric episode? (V.ii.80-170)
Claudius' "venom" is still introduced, as well as Hamlet playing the madness again.

8) Why does Hamlet ‘defy augury’? (V.ii.192)
He knows what is to happen in the future, and he does not want that, causing him to defy it.

9) What does Laertes say is his motive in still resenting Hamlet? How has already lost this? How does this contribute to the presentation of revenge in the play? (V.ii216-223)
He forgives Hamlet by saying "Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet. Mine and my father's death come not upon thee, Nor thine on me."

10) How might the dying lines of Gertrude, Claudius and Laertes be viewed as typical of the way their characters have been presented throughout the play?
It represents them as characters in deeper meanings. In my opinion, Gertrude was poisoned by the snake(Claudius) from his corruption abilities. Laertes forgives Hamlet for the death of his father because he now realizes why Hamlet felt the revenge that he did when he killed Polonius.

11) Who “wins” in Hamlet? How and why do you think this?
Fortinbras wins, because although he wasn't shown until the end of the book, the land was taken from him and his father. Fortinbras getting the land that he lost back shows that he is the true winner.

Act 4 study questions

Act IV, Scene 1

1. What is Claudius' main fear in the immediate aftermath of Polonius' death?
His fear is of Hamlet, since it is obvious that Hamlet knows what his uncle did by this time.

Act IV, Scene 2

1. What does Hamlet refuse to tell Rosencrantz and Guildenstern?
He refuses to tell them where he hid Polonius's body.

Act IV, Scene 3

1. What image does Hamlet use (ll. 19-29) to warn Claudius he's only king temporarily?
"Your fat king and your lean beggar is but variable service–two dishes, but to one table. That's the end."

2. Claudius ends the scene by writing a letter: to whom, and what order does it contain?
Writes it to the captain of the ship, and to not let Hamlet arrive to his destination.

Act IV, Scene 4

1. What's the value of the land Fortinbras' army is marching to capture in Poland (l. 20)? What will the invasion itself cost (l. 25)?
The value of the land that Fortinbras is going to invade has literally no value to it. The invasion will cost more than what is gained.

2. Hamlet's soliloquy (ll. 32-66) is self-critical; summarize his main fault.
His main fault is leaving Ophelia on a hard note, causing her to kill herself. He also probably should NOT have stabbed the curtain knowing that it was Polonius.

Act IV, Scene 5

1. Ophelia's songs during her first appearance in this scene deal with love, death and sex. Why? What do they tell us about her at the moment? What might they reveal about Her, Hamlet and Polonius?
They tell us that she wants things to be back how they were with her, Polonius, and Hamlet. She is depressed at this moment.

2. Why is Laertes a danger to Claudius' throne (ll. 98-103)? (Actually two or three related reasons.)
He is way too wise and vengeful, causing many people to look up to him as a leader.

3. What does Claudius offer as assurance that he had no part in Polonius' death (ll. 190-9)?
He shows proof that he was one of Polonius' best friends.

Act IV, Scene 6

1. Horatio receives a letter from Hamlet explaining how he escaped from Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. How did he?
He tricked them into going a certain way, then he walked off the other way.

Act IV, Scene 7

1. What reason does Claudius give Laertes for Hamlet's killing of Polonius (ll. 1-4)?
He gave the reason that Hamlet was mad.

2. What are his two reasons for not charging Hamlet with murder (ll. 9-24)?
The people looked up to him, and he is royalty.

3. Claudius reveals that Laertes is famous for his skill with the rapier (a fencing weapon) and that Hamlet is envious of this fame.
Ok??

4. How does Claudius plan to exploit this envy to give Laertes a chance for (publicly) guiltless revenge (ll. 126-38)?
He tells Laertes that he will poison a drink and give it to Hamlet.

5. How does Laertes refine the plan (ll. 138-147)?
Laertes steps it up and poisons his sword.

6. What announcement does Gertrude make to end Act IV? 
She tells Laertes that Ophelia is dead. That she drowned.

Final study questions

1. Polonius is sometimes played as a senile old fool, sometimes as a shrewd and worldly old man.  Which interpretation do you agree with and why? I agree that he is a senile old fool, because not only is he old and crazy, he also tries so hard to seem smart. In one of the lines, he puts a bunch of words together. "either for tragedy, comedy, history, pastoral, pastoral-comical, historical-pastoral, tragical-historical, tragical-comical-historical-pastoral, scene individable, or poem unlimited." (Pg 56 Line 386)                                                                                  
2. Pick one character who could, at some point, have changed the whole chain of events.  Discuss. Gertrude could have changed the chain of events by not marrying Claudius, and letting Hamlet take the throne like he was supposed to.                                                                                                                                                                        
3. Analyze the three appearances of the ghost seen in the play.  Where did he appear; to whom did he appear?  How does the third appearance differ from the first two?  What is the significance of this? The ghost appeared on the castle walls, in the forest, and on a bridge. He appeared for Horatio and the guards, and he also appeared for Hamlet. The third appearance is where the ghost actually talked with Hamlet. The difference is that the ghost actually let out and explained what happened to him.                                                                                
4. Discuss the reasons for Hamlet’s apparent delay in seeking revenge for his father.  What is your opinion regarding his procrastination? Hamlet doesn't want to seem crazy, so he decides to act crazy first. In my opinion, he wants to make sure that the ghost actually was his father, instead of a demon.                                           
5. Compare and contrast Hamlet, Laertes, and Fortinbras as avengers. All three of them have had their fathers murdered. The difference from Laertes and the other two is that he isn't royalty, and his uncle isn't an important figure.
6. What is Hamlet’s attitude towards life and people?  How does it affect his actions? His attitude towards life and people is to be super depressed, and act mad.                                                                                                         
7. Apply the following quote to Hamlet: “A man who wishes to make a profession of goodness in everything must necessarily come to grief among so many who are not good.  Therefore, it is necessary for a prince, who wishes to maintain himself, to learn how to not to be good, and to use this knowledge and not use it, according to the necessity of the case.”  -- THE PRINCE, Machiavelli                                                                                                     
8. Examine the reoccurring pun on sun and son.  How does this symbol work in the overall meaning of the play. Hamlet is the "son" of a dead father, and the pun of "sun" comes in when this country is shown as a decaying garden, and Hamlet will be the "sun" that lightens up the garden.                                                                                    
9. Was Ophelia pregnant with Hamlet’s child? No, I don't think she was.                                                                                                             
10. Did Hamlet slip into madness? In my opinion, he did. When he saw his father in Act 3 Scene 4, I think it was just a figment of his imagination.                                                                                                                                              
11. It is Hamlet who causes the downfall of Denmark. Probably. Even though his Uncle killed his father, his Uncle was still able to keep Denmark in one piece.                                                                                                                 
12. What is the meaning of the pirates? ---                                                                                                                            
13. Is Hamlet Jesus Christ?  How is Horatio either John the Baptist or an apostle. ---                                                
14. Why or how is Denmark the Garden of Eden? ---                                                                                                         
15. Gertrude knows about the murder? No, I do not think so, but she is confused at why Hamlet comes to her saying she did.                                                                                                                                                                   
16. The meaning of prostitution in Hamlet? ---                                                                                                                   
17. Can Hamlet be compared to our current society?  If so, how? ---                                                                               
18. Perhaps others—as we read or when we finish.